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- 1580 Felipe II defeats Dom António, pretender to the Portuguese throne in the battle of Alcantara.
- 1594 Luis Jufré de Loaiza y Meneses founds the city of San Luis de Loyola Nueva Medina de Rioseco (Argentina) in the Viceroyalty of Peru.
- 1685 Painter Francisco Herrera, the Younger, dies.
- 1768 Captain James Cook sets sail on HMS Endeavour, his first voyage to the Pacific, New Zealand and Australia.
- 1825 Uruguay declares its independence from Brazil.
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