- 852 Reconquista: Abderraman II dies and Mohammed I succeeds him. He had martyred many Christians and his death was seen as divine punishment.
- 1499 Treaty of Basel, declaring Switzerland an independent state.
- 1554 Francisco Vázquez de Coronado, Spanish conquistador, dies.
- 1832 Luisa Carlota arrives at the palace of La Granja and manages to annul the change by repealing the Salic Law.
- 1980 Iraq invades Iran, starting a war between the two countries.
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